The Newspaper Industry

Representation OR media language and shorter questions

Industry - An industry is a media business which makes money. It is the money-side of things. It refers to the newspaper, movie, radio industry etc...

The newspaper industry is a specialised industry, with different people in different groups.

These groups can include editors, journalists, printers... 

Production and Distribution 

Production - The way in which a media product is made

Distribution - How it's given out, for example to distribute films, we can go to the cinema. Another way of distributing films would be Netflix (a streaming service).

Each examples of industries we have looked at, are examples of digitally convergent media industries.

Digital Convergence - The coming together of different industries, thanks to the internet.

Most successful forms of distribution are digital.

An institution is something with a unique selling point, and an ideology. 

Patterns of ownership - Horizontal and Vertical integration 

Horizontal integration is where one company buys out other companies within the same sector. This is like facebook and instagram. Another example is Disney. Both Disney and Facebook are horizontal integrators.

Vertical Integration - Where an organisation owns different parts of the production process. Different companies at different stages of the production process.

Disney is both horizontal and vertical integration.

Conglomerate - Where one organisation owns other organisations.

Monopoly - owning more than 25% of the sector. The exclusive ownership and control of something. Due to the law, you cannot own more than 25% of something in the UK.

Issues with monopoly 

• Ethical issues
• Competition
• It is deeply unfair
• They will only advertise their ideologies and beliefs, and leads to a limitation of ideology.
• There is arguably no creativity, because why bother?

The Independent were recently bought by The Murdochs.

James Curran and Jean Seaton

UK NEWSPAPER OWNERSHIP

Reach also publishes Cambridge News. It looks similar to the Daily Mirror because they are both published by the same people.

Subsidiary - A smaller company owned by a large corporation

Conglomerate - Large organisation consisting of multiple smaller companies

The Daily Mirror is a subsidiary of  Reach.

Here's an aggregated list of what Disney actually owns. 

ABC
ESPN (80% stake)
Touchstone Pictures
Marvel
Lucasfilm
A&E (50% equity holding with Hearst Corporation)
The History Channel (50% equity holding with Hearst Corporation)
Lifetime (50% equity holding with Hearst Corporation)
Pixar
Hollywood Records
Vice Media (10% stake)
Core Publishing
Star Wars
The Muppets
The Marvel Cinematic Universe (but not the X-Men — yet!)
Disney Princesses/Princes (such as characters from Cinderella, Mulan, Frozen, Aladdin, and The Lion King)
The Chronicles of Narnia Franchise
The Pirates of the Caribbean Franchise
Pixar Films (such as Toy Story, The Incredibles, and Cars)
The Winnie the Pooh Franchise
The Indiana Jones Franchise
Grey’s Anatomy(and other popular ABC shows)

Disney are an extremely diverse conglomerate (look at the list)


REACH - 

• They have over 70 websites and news published 24/7, with over one billion views per month. 
• They have influential and iconic brands. 
• They began on the 11th of November 1904
• It was incorporated by Liverpool Daily Post and echo PLC
• Trinity and the Mirror merged and became a conglomerate by horizontal integration

NEWS UK

• News UK has made significant improvements to its compliance programme and internal controls, and these improvements continue. News UK is committed to improving both its compliance process and compliance culture. New leadership has been engaged, and the Company’s policies and procedures have been restructured and reinforced.